New York, 21 May 2026

Mr. President,

The Holy See Delegation would like to thank China for convening this important open debate.

In recent years, civilians have continued to suffer the tragic consequences of armed conflict on a vast scale. Millions have been displaced from their homes, while many others remain exposed to violence, hunger, insecurity and the collapse of essential services. Despite concerted efforts to impose limits on warfare and strengthen the protections under international humanitarian law, innocent and defenceless civilians continue to bear the brunt of conflict.

Protection of civilians is not merely a political or operational concern. As Pope Leo XIV affirms: “the principle of humanity, inscribed in the conscience of every person and recognized in international law, entails a moral obligation to protect the civilian population from the horrific effects of war.”[1] For this reason, the Holy See is gravely concerned by the growing disregard for international humanitarian law and by the normalization of conduct that places civilians increasingly at risk. In this regard, this Delegation would like to draw attention to three key issues:

Firstly, attacks on places of worship and religious communities are gravely concerning. Such actions wound not only individual believers, but also the cultural, spiritual and social fabric of entire communities. Furthermore, in times of conflict, such sites become places of refuge, providing assistance and fostering solidarity. Therefore, ensuring freedom of religion, even amidst conflict, is essential for safeguarding human dignity and promoting reconciliation.

Secondly, there is an urgent need to protect medical personnel and facilities. Despite the fact that a decade has passed since the adoption of resolution 2286, attacks on hospitals, ambulances and healthcare workers continue to be alarming. Those who are wounded or sick must never be denied care, and those who provide humanitarian assistance must never be targeted.

Thirdly, the growing role of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, in warfare is a matter for concern. The use of technology must always be grounded in ethical responsibility, since no machine can replace the moral judgment required when human lives are at stake. Indeed, the use of technologies lacking meaningful human control risks further distancing decision-makers from the human consequences of war and weakening accountability for the protection of civilian life.
 
Mr. President,

The Holy See reiterates its call for all parties to armed conflicts to fully respect international humanitarian law and protect civilian populations. At the same time, the international community must intensify its efforts aimed at prevention, dialogue and the peaceful resolution of disputes, recognizing that authentic peace is built, not through fear or destruction, but through encounter, trust and responsibility.

As Pope Leo XIV observed, “peace begins with each one of us: in the way we look at others, listen to others and speak about others.” [2] This appeal is particularly significant at a time when the language and logic of war reduce persons to numbers, enemies, or collateral damage. Protecting civilians entails the refusal to treat people as mere objects or numbers, and instead, recognize the God-given dignity of every human person, even in times of conflict.
 
Thank you, Mr. President.

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[1] Pope Leo XIV, Regina Caeli, 12 April 2026.

[2] Pope Leo XIV, Address to Representatives of the Media, 12 May 2025.